黒潮の影響で、世界最北のテーブルサンゴの生態系が成立しています。また、サンゴ以外にも日本の分布の北限の記録を持つ熱帯性の生き物が見られます。ラムサール条約湿地です。海岸線には熊野層群の比較的整然とした砂岩泥岩互層が露出し砂岩岩脈が発達します。
Due to the influence of the Kuroshio Current, the northernmost table coral ecosystem in the world has been established. In addition to corals, you can also see tropical creatures with records of the northern limit of Japanese distribution. Ramsar Convention Wetlands. The relatively orderly sandstone and mudstone alternating layers of the Kumano Group are exposed on the coastline, and sandstone dikes develop.
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うえもり う 
2022/01/20(Thu) 18:04 昭和南海地震（1946年）の津波到達の標柱です。山の斜面には津波の到達水位（約7.9ｍ）が示されています。袋付近は津波が高くなる地形的特長があり、次の南海トラフでの巨大地震で想定される浸水深は周辺地域より大きくなっています。
It is a pillar of the arrival of the tsunami of the 1946 Showa Nankai earthquake. The reaching water level of the tsunami (about 7.9m) is shown on the slope of the mountain. The area around the bag has a topographical feature that the tsunami becomes high, and the inundation depth expected by the next huge earthquake in the Nankai Trough is larger than that in the surrounding area.
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河口から流出する砂礫は沿岸流によって運ばれ砂州を形成します。潮岬はもともと島でしたが、陸側から沖合いの潮岬（島）に向かって砂州が成長し、やがてつながり陸繋島となりました。砂州の部分をトンボロといいます。この砂州の上に串本の町並みができました。砂州の南端部には弥生時代の笠嶋遺跡があります。
Gravel flowing out of the estuary is carried by coastal currents to form sandbars. Shionomisaki was originally an island, but a sandbar grew from the land side toward the offshore Shionomisaki (island), and eventually became a tied island. The part of the sandbar is called Tombolo. The townscape of Kushimoto was created on this sandbar. At the southern end of the sandbar is the Yayoi period Kasashima ruins.
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潮岬には2段の海岸段丘が発達します。段丘上には海岸の礫が載っていることから、この平坦面は、かつて海水面付近で形成された波食棚であったことがわかります。南海トラフで発生する巨大地震ごとに隆起を繰り返し、現在の高度まで持ち上げられました。
Two marine terraces develop at Shionomisaki. From the gravel of the coast on the terraces, it can be seen that this flat surface was once a wave-cut platform formed near the sea surface. It was lifted to the current altitude by repeating uplift with each huge earthquake that occurred in the Nankai Trough.
約1400万年前に複雑なマグマの動きによって形成された火成岩体です。ナイショ碆やナビラカの海岸でも多様な火成岩が混在します。潮岬灯台周辺の海岸では、海底火山の産物である枕状溶岩や岩脈群、化学成分の異なるマグマ同士からできた火成岩の境界を観察できます。火成岩の断崖上には潮岬灯台と潮御崎神社があります。潮岬灯台は、明治3年に仮点灯し、明治6年に本点灯した日本最初の洋式木造灯台です。明治11年には石造りに改築され、古座川町産の”宇津木石”が用いられています。潮御崎神社の石垣には枕状溶岩などが用いられています。
It is an igneous rock body formed by complex magma movements about 14 million years ago. A variety of igneous rocks coexist on the coasts of Naisho and Naviraka. On the coast around the Shionomisaki Lighthouse, you can observe the boundaries of pillow lava, dikes, and igneous rocks made up of magmas with different chemical constituents, which are the products of submarine volcanoes. On the cliff of igneous rock is Shionomisaki Lighthouse and Shionomisaki Shrine. The Shionomisaki Lighthouse is Japan's first Western-style wooden lighthouse that was temporarily lit in 1897 and was fully lit in 1897. It was rebuilt into a stone in 1891 and uses "Utsugi stone" from Kozagawa town. Pillow lava is used for the stone walls of Shionomisaki Shrine.
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紀伊大島で約1400万年前に形成された流紋岩や流紋岩質火砕岩からなる火山岩体です。流紋岩溶岩，貫入岩が流紋岩質火砕岩を覆い，流紋岩質火砕岩には一部に水中を流れた堆積構造が見られます。潮岬と紀伊大島に分布する中新世火成岩類は、熊野酸性火成岩類とはマグマの形成過程が異なり、苦鉄質火成岩類も含むことから、潮岬火成複合岩類として区別されています。
It is a volcanic rock body consisting of rhyolite and rhyolite pyroclastic rock formed about 14 million years ago on Kii Oshima. Rhyolite lava and intrusive rocks cover rhyolite pyroclastic rocks, and some of the rhyolite pyroclastic rocks have sedimentary structures that flow underwater. The Miocene igneous rocks distributed in Shionomisaki and Kii Oshima are distinguished as Shionomisaki igneous complex rocks because the magma formation process is different from that of Kumano acidic igneous rocks and they also include mafic igneous rocks.
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紀伊大島の樫野埼から鷹ノ巣にかけては、硬くて規則的な割れ目が発達する流紋岩からなる断崖・絶壁が特徴的です。海金剛はこれらの割れ目によって作られた離れ岩が林立する景観を作り出しています。この地域は南海トラフの巨大地震ごとに隆起し、海岸段丘が発達します。
From Kashinozaki to Takanosu on Kii Oshima, cliffs and cliffs made of rhyolite with hard and regular cracks are characteristic. Kai Kongo creates a landscape of forested rocks created by these crevices. This area rises with each major Nankai Trough earthquake and develops marine terraces.
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樫野埼灯台は明治3年に初点灯した、日本最初の洋式石造り灯台です。石材には、古座川町産の”宇津木石”が用いられています。”宇津木石”は古座川弧状岩脈の流紋岩質火砕岩です。周囲には、トルコ軍艦遭難慰霊碑やトルコ記念館があります。
Kashinozaki Lighthouse is Japan's first Western-style stone lighthouse that first turned on in 1897. "Utsugi stone" from Kozagawa-cho is used as the stone material. "Utsugiishi" is a rhyolite pyroclastic rock of the Kozagawa arcuate dike. Surrounded by the Turkish Warship Distress Memorial and the Turkish Memorial.
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九龍島と鯛島は、熊野酸性火成岩類の礫を含む九龍島礫岩層でできています。九龍島には多くの洞窟があり、海岸の隆起を示すヤッコカンザシの巣の跡を見ることができます。また、河内祭りの神事を行う場所です。鯛島は、対岸から見ると鯛の形をしており、目の部分に穴が空いています。朝日や月が目の中に入る景色が美しい島です。
Kowloon Island and Taijima are made up of the Kowloon Island gravel layer containing the gravel of the Kumano acidic igneous rocks. There are many caves on Kowloon Island, and you can see the traces of the Yakkokanzashi nest, which shows the uplift of the coast. It is also a place to hold the Shinto ritual of the Kawachi Festival. Taishima is shaped like a sea bream when viewed from the opposite bank, and has holes in its eyes. It is an island with a beautiful view of the rising sun and the moon.
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熊野層群の泥岩の多い砂岩泥岩互層を主として、厚い砂岩層が挟まれることがあり、岩相や傾きの変化する地層が見えます。地層は南側では海に向かって傾き、北側に進むと傾きが高角になり、富久良門崎の南側では垂直や上下逆転した地層が現れます。耳の鼻付近では南側と北側で地層が逆向きに傾き、向斜軸があることが分かります。
Sandstone with a lot of mudstone in the Kumano Group. Thick sandstone layers may be sandwiched mainly between mudstone alternating layers, and lithological formations and strata with varying slopes can be seen. The stratum tilts toward the sea on the south side, the slope becomes higher on the north side, and vertical or upside down strata appear on the south side of Tomikura Kadozaki. It can be seen that near the nose of the ear, the strata tilt in opposite directions on the south and north sides, and there is a syncline axis.
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河床から約25ｍ高い位置に、平坦な地形である河岸段丘があります。ここには縄文時代の下尾井遺跡があり、大きな土器とともに石器が見つかっています。石器の大部分は地元産の岩石であり、岩石が熱水変質で硬化していることが石器に適したとみられます。この段丘は南向きに開け、北からは渓流が流れ出ているので、集落の立地に適したとみられます。
At a position about 25m higher than the riverbed, there is a river terrace with flat terrain. The Shimooi site of the Jomon period is located here, and stone tools have been found along with large earthenware. Most of the stone tools are locally produced rocks, and it seems that the rocks are suitable for stone tools because they are hardened by hydrothermal alteration. This terrace opens to the south and a mountain stream flows from the north, so it seems to be suitable for the location of the village.
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北山峡の筏流しの難所のひとつで、神護の字が当てられています。竜神付加体の砂岩泥岩互層が北に向かって傾斜し、地層の傾きにほぼ平行な断層があるほか、U字形の褶曲もみられます。岩石は熱水変質を受けて硬化・白色化しています。河道の開削工事完成を記念する碑文が河床の岩に彫られています。
It is one of the difficult points of the raft drifting in the Kitayama Gorge, and the character of Jigo is applied. The alternating layers of sandstone and mudstone of the Ryujin accretionary prism are inclined toward the north, and there are faults that are almost parallel to the inclination of the strata, and U-shaped folds are also seen. Rocks are hardened and whitened due to hydrothermal alteration. An inscription commemorating the completion of the excavation work of the river channel is carved on the rock of the riverbed.
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竜神付加体の枕状溶岩がみられます。枕状溶岩は遠洋の海底火山でできて海洋プレートに乗って移動してきたものです。海洋プレートの沈み込みに伴って枕状溶岩の岩体は破断して、泥岩層と混在しています。北山峡の筏流しの難所のひとつで、家督を継ぐ長男は筏に乗せず弟を乗せたのが地名の由来とされます。
Pillow lava of the Ryujin accretionary prism can be seen. Pillow lava is made of pelagic submarine volcanoes and travels on oceanic plates. As the oceanic crust subducts, the pillow lava body breaks and mixes with the mudstone layer. It is one of the difficult points of the raft drifting in the Kitayama Gorge, and it is said that the place name is derived from the fact that the eldest son who succeeded the family reign did not put the raft on the raft but put his younger brother on it.
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V字谷の峡谷は、紀伊半島の隆起と北山川の下方侵食によって形成されたものです。峡谷に分布する竜神付加体と熊野層群の岩石が、熱水変質を受けて硬化していたことが、峡谷形成の要因ともなりました。5月から9月には観光筏下りが行われています。
The V-shaped valley is formed by the uplift of the Kii Peninsula and the downward erosion of the Kitayama River. The formation of the canyon was also caused by the fact that the Ryujin accretionary prism and the rocks of the Kumano Group, which are distributed in the canyon, were hardened due to hydrothermal alteration. Sightseeing rafts are held from May to September.
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紀伊半島の土台をなす竜神付加体と、その上に堆積した前弧海盆堆積体の熊野層群の境界部が露出します。竜神付加体が堆積・付加した後、その上に熊野層群が堆積するまでには、5000万年の時間が経過しており、このような関係を傾斜不整合といいます。竜神付加体は、ジオパーク地域内最古の地層群で、恐竜がいた白亜紀に堆積しました。すぐ上流の河床には熊野層群の砂岩層中にポットホール（甌穴）がみられ貝化石もみられます。
The boundary between the Ryujin accretionary prism, which forms the basis of the Kii Peninsula, and the Kumano Group of forearc basin deposits deposited on it is exposed. After the Ryujin accretionary prism is deposited and added, 50 million years have passed before the Kumano Group is deposited on it, and this kind of relationship is called tilt inconsistency. The Ryujin accretionary prism is the oldest stratum in the Geopark area and was deposited in the Cretaceous period when dinosaurs lived. On the riverbed just upstream, potholes (potholes) can be seen in the sandstone formation of the Kumano Group, and fossil shells can also be seen.
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「紀伊続風土記」には、この石が川の流れる音を反射して鳴るので成川の地名の元になったと書かれている巨石です。熊野層群の砂岩でできています。
It is a huge stone that is said to have been the origin of the place name of Narukawa because this stone reflects the sound of the river and sounds in "Kii Shoku Fudoki". It is made of sandstone from the Kumano Group.
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牟婁付加体の砂岩と泥岩の選択侵食により形成された河床地形をうまく利用した、真砂舟の船着場です。”真砂舟”は昭和20年代まで、古座川流域の主要交通機関でした。近くに交通の要所として栄えた真砂集落跡が残ります。
It is a dock for Manago boats that makes good use of the riverbed topography formed by the selective erosion of sandstone and mudstone of the Muro accretionary prism. "Manago-bune" was the main means of transportation in the Koza River basin until the 1945's. The remains of the Manago village, which prospered as a transportation hub, remain nearby.
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古座川弧状岩脈がつくる双耳峰の岩山で、ナメトコ岩（流紋岩質火砕岩）、巌の巨人・豆腐岩（流紋岩（花崗斑岩）の柱状・板状節理）などの景観は見ごたえがあります。季節によりシャクナゲ、ヒカゲツツジ、キイジョウロウホトトギス、アサマリンドウなどの花を見ることができます。
It is a rocky mountain of the binaural peak created by the Koza River(Kozagawa) arc-shaped dike, and landscapes such as Nametoko rock (rhyolite pyroclastic rock) and rock giant tofu (rhyolite (granular porphyry) columnar and plate-like joints). It is worth seeing. Depending on the season, you can see flowers such as rhododendron, rhododendron, tricyrtis macranthos, and gentian.
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古座川町明神にある潜水橋です。増水時には、川の中に潜ることで流木などによる被害を避けられるようになっています。住民の存続保存の要望により再整備されました。
It is a submersible bridge in Myojin, Kozagawa-cho. When the water rises, you can avoid damage caused by driftwood by diving in the river. It was redeveloped at the request of the residents to keep it alive.
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流紋岩質火砕岩の風化によってタフォニが発達し、牡丹の花のような形状が形成されています。日本の地質百選『古座川弧状岩脈』の主要景観のひとつです。牡丹岩には、昔、村人たちが対岸からやってくる大蛇と出会わないようにするため、必ず咳をしてからそのそばを通ったという民話があります。
The weathering of rhyolite pyroclastic rocks has led to the development of tafoni, forming a peony flower-like shape. It is one of the main landscapes of "Koza River Arc-shaped Dike", one of the 100 best geological sites in Japan. There is a folk tale in Peony Rock that in the olden days, villagers always coughed before passing by to prevent them from encountering a large snake coming from the opposite bank.
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