熊野層群の砂岩層が作る絶壁が熊野灘に向かって突き出した岬です。遊歩道沿いに降りた北側の海岸では、堆積構造や熱水活動の痕跡、生痕化石などを見ることができます。灯台は海岸段丘にあり、12万年前の最終間氷期に潮間帯で形成された波食棚の平坦面が、南海トラフ地震に伴う隆起をくり返して形成された地形です。沖を通る船はこの岬を目印にしたと伝わっています。
The cliff created by the sandstone formation of the Kumano Group is a cape protruding toward Kumano Nada. Sedimentary structures, traces of hydrothermal activity, and trace fossils can be seen on the northern coast along the promenade. The lighthouse is located on the marine terrace, and the flat surface of the wave-cut platform formed in the intertidal zone during the last interglacial period 120,000 years ago is a terrain formed by repeating uplifts associated with the Nankai Trough earthquake. It is said that the ship passing offshore used this cape as a landmark.
google t.
うえもり う 
2022/01/20(Thu) 15:52 Nachikatsuura Town / Map 66: Shimosato Waterway Observatory
海上保安庁の施設で、1953年に設置されました。1982年から人工衛星とレーザー測距装置による測地を行っている日本唯一の水路観測所です。正確な海図を作成するための施設です。下里水路観測所の測地観測により、日本で作られる海図は世界測地系に結びつけられ、その海図を利用する船舶の航行の安全に寄与しています。
It is a facility of the Japan Coast Guard and was installed in 1953. It is the only waterway observation station in Japan that has been conducting geodesy with artificial satellites and laser ranging devices since 1982. A facility for creating accurate nautical charts. By geodetic observations at the Shimosato Waterway Observatory, nautical charts made in Japan are linked to the world geodetic system, contributing to the safety of navigation of vessels using the nautical charts.
google t.
長さ13.5ｍの日本でもっとも短い二級河川です。粉白川の支流で湧水によって水が供給されています。フツフツと清水が湧き出ることから、この名が付いたといわれています。
It is the shortest secondary river in Japan with a length of 13.5m. Water is supplied by spring water in a tributary of the Koshira River. It is said that this name was given because the fluffy and fresh water springs up.
google t.
小規模な海岸平野の砂丘上に造営された柄鏡形の前方後円墳で、周囲を盾形に囲む周溝がありました。全長50m、周溝の幅5mで、全長5.35mの竪穴式石室が設けられています。石室は東海地方および四国地方の古墳とよく似たところがあり、東側が直線的壁面、西側がアール状壁面で朱が塗られていないのが特徴です。
卑弥呼の時代から約150年後の４世紀後半から5世紀始めに造営された前期古墳時代のものです。
It was a mirror-shaped front-rear burial mound built on a sand dune in a small coastal plain, and had a peripheral groove surrounding it in a shield shape. It has a pit-type stone chamber with a total length of 50 m, a peripheral groove width of 5 m, and a total length of 5.35 m. The stone chamber is very similar to the tumuli in the Tokai and Shikoku regions, and is characterized by a straight wall on the east side and a rounded wall on the west side, which is not painted in vermilion.
It is from the early Kofun period, which was built from the latter half of the 4th century to the beginning of the 5th century, about 150 years after the time of Himiko.
google t.
５世紀末、清寧天皇の熊野行幸の際に発見されたと伝わります。また弘法大師が温泉の薬効を喜び薬師堂を建て瑠璃光山湯泉寺と名付けたとも伝わります。古座川弧状岩脈の北東延長部にあたると考えられ、熊野層群の堆積岩にできた割れ目を通って湧出しています。
It is said that it was discovered at the end of the 5th century when Emperor Seinei Yukiyuki Kumano. It is also said that Kobo Daishi was pleased with the medicinal properties of the hot springs and built the Yakushido and named it Rurikozan Yusenji. It is thought to be the northeastern extension of the Koza River arcuate dike, and springs through a crack in the sedimentary rocks of the Kumano Group.
google t.
ラクダ岩、ライオン島、鶴島などの大小の島々、多数の海食洞や海食洞門などが紺碧の海に浮かぶ景勝地です。紀の松島は、海面の位置が高さ100mを超える範囲で上下に変動して形成されました。この海面の位置の変動は、12万年から8千年前の間に寒冷な氷期と温暖な間氷期をくり返した気候変動により起こったものです。勝浦港を巡る観光船によるクルージングでみることができます。
Large and small islands such as camel rocks, lion islands, and Tsurushima, as well as numerous sea caves and sea cave gates, are scenic spots floating in the azure sea. Kimatsushima was formed by changing the position of the sea surface up and down within a range of more than 100 m in height. This change in sea level is caused by climate change that repeated cold and warm interglacial periods between 120,000 and 8,000 years ago. You can see it by cruising on a sightseeing boat around Katsuura Port.
google t.
古くからの温泉地で、宝永4年（1707年）頃の「新宮領覚書」に、波打ち際に赤嶋温泉と書かれているのが最初の記録です。古座川弧状岩脈の北東延長にあたると考えられ、狼煙山から夏山（なっさ）にかけて高温泉が分布します。
It is an old hot spring area, and the first record is that Akashima Onsen is written on the beach in the "Shingu Ryokan" around Hoei 4 (1707). It is thought to be the northeastern extension of the Koza River arcuate dike, and high hot springs are distributed from Noroshiyama to Nassa.
google t.
色川の峯山の西側斜面には、頭からかぶる高い帽子のような形の岩峰があります。平滑な岩盤となりやすい流紋岩質火砕岩です。熊野カルデラ火山から噴出・流動した大量の火砕流からできた岩石の一部です。熊野層群をおおうとともに、あとで上昇してきた流紋岩（花崗斑岩）に貫入されています。
On the western slope of Mineyama in Irokawa, there is a rocky peak shaped like a high hat that you wear from your head. Rhyolite pyroclastic rock that tends to be smooth bedrock. It is a part of rock made from a large amount of pyroclastic flow that erupted and flowed from the Kumano caldera volcano. It covers the Kumano Group and is invaded by the rhyolite (granodiorite) that has risen later.
google t.
熊野層群にマグマが貫入し、マグマと熊野層群の堆積岩が相互に作用してできた痕跡が広く残ります。マグマと泥岩の縞状構造、褶曲状の流動変形、流理構造、角礫状の構造などがあります。流紋岩（花崗斑岩）の採石場でもありました。
Magma invades the Kumano Group, leaving wide traces of the interaction between the magma and the sedimentary rocks of the Kumano Group. There are striped structures of magma and mudstone, fold-like flow deformations, flow structures, and pebbles-like structures. It was also a quarry for rhyolite (granodiorite).
Google T
紀伊半島の土台をなす牟婁付加体にマグマが貫入して形成された火砕岩岩脈です。マグマが地層の割れ目に網目状に入り込んだ様子や、周囲の地層がマグマに取り込まれた岩石（捕獲岩）を観察できます。すさみ町から白浜町にかけての温泉がこの岩脈にそって分布します。
It is a pyroclastic dike formed by invading magma into the Muro accretionary prism that forms the basis of the Kii Peninsula. You can observe how the magma has entered the cracks of the stratum in a mesh pattern, and the rocks (xenoliths) in which the surrounding strata have been incorporated into the magma. Hot springs from Susami Town to Shirahama Town are distributed along this dike.
Google T
2つの島（沖の黒島、陸の黒島）と大小の岩礁からなります。紀伊半島の隆起と波の侵食によって形成された自然のパノラマで枯木灘海岸の名勝の一つです。岬と陸の黒島間には陸繋砂州（トンボロ）が形成されつつあり、両側から打ち寄せる波が躍動的です。また、植生は常緑広葉樹林からなり、国際的に希少な鳥類であるウチヤマセンニュウの繁殖地となっています。
It consists of two islands (Kuroshima offshore and Kuroshima on land) and large and small reefs. It is one of the scenic spots of the Deadwood Nada coast with a panoramic view of nature formed by the uplift of the Kii Peninsula and the erosion of waves. A land-tied sandbar (Tombolo) is being formed between the cape and Kuroshima on land, and the waves rushing from both sides are dynamic. The vegetation consists of an evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is a breeding ground for Styan's grasshopper, an internationally rare bird.
Google trans
この褶曲は、かつての海溝に堆積した牟婁付加体の砂岩泥岩互層が海洋プレートの沈み込みによって付加体となる時に形成されました。砂岩層が完全に固まる前に陸側に押し付けられ折りたたまれたものです。地層は全体として上下が逆さまになっています。世界的にも有名な褶曲で、中学校の理科の教科書にも採用されています。
This fold was formed when the sandstone and mudstone alternating layers of the mudstone accretionary prism deposited in the former trench became an accretionary prism due to the subduction of the oceanic crust. It was pressed against the land and folded before the sandstone layer was completely solidified. The stratum is upside down as a whole. It is a world-famous fold and is also used in junior high school science textbooks.
google trans
オン崎南側の波食棚には付加体を特徴付けるスラスト（低角な逆断層）が観察できます。大規模なスラストの運動により、波食棚は強い力で地層が破壊された破砕帯となっています。紀伊半島の土台をなす牟婁付加体が、海洋プレートの沈み込みによって作られるときにできた松根−平井スラストの破砕帯です。
Thrust (low-angle reverse fault) that characterizes the accretionary prism can be observed on the wave-cut platform on the south side of Onsaki. Due to the large-scale thrust movement, the wave-cut platform has become a crush zone where the stratum has been destroyed by strong force. The Matsune-Hirai thrust crush zone formed when the Muro accretionary prism, which forms the basis of the Kii Peninsula, is created by the subduction of the oceanic crust.
google trans
submersible bridge 潜水橋
氾濫を繰り返す富田川では、洪水で破壊されない橋を架ける必要があり、らんかんなどの水の抵抗を受けるもののない潜水橋が架けられました。四国の四万十川の潜水橋を参考にしてつくられたといわれています。
In the Tonda River, which is repeatedly flooded, it was necessary to build a bridge that would not be destroyed by the flood, and a submersible bridge that was not subject to water resistance such as lanterns was built. It is said that it was made with reference to the submersible bridge of the Shimanto River in Shikoku.
google trans
神倉山のゴトビキ岩
マグマからできた流紋岩(花崗斑岩)が風化し、山の斜面にヒキガエルの姿で鎮座する巨岩です。このような丸みを帯びて風化した岩はコアストーンと呼ばれます。熊野御燈祭（国指定重要無形民俗文化財）の祭祀の中心となっています。
Rhyolite (granular porphyry) made from magma is a huge rock that is weathered and sits on the slope of the mountain in the form of a toad. Such rounded and weathered rocks are called core stones. It is the center of the Kumano Oto Festival (nationally designated important intangible folk cultural property).
福本 三智代 Google 翻訳 使用
最大幅550ｍ、長さほぼ1ｋｍにわたる上富田町内最大の段丘です。5つの開析谷が確認でき、地形を利用した溜池と天保４年にひかれた6ｋｍの水路があり、今も灌漑に利用されています。段丘面上では水田や、果樹栽培がおこなわれています。
It is the largest terrace in Kamitonda Town with a maximum width of 550m and a length of almost 1km. Five dissected valleys can be confirmed, and there is a reservoir using the topography and a 6km waterway drawn in the 4th year of Tenpo, which is still used for irrigation. Paddy fields and fruit trees are cultivated on the terraces.
google翻訳
市ノ瀬の富田川の河床には、暴れ川と呼ばれた富田川の約450年前の河川改修の跡が見られます。
On the riverbed of the Tonda River in Ichinose, you can see the traces of the river improvement of the Tonda River, which was called the Rampage River, about 450 years ago.
google翻訳
かつての熊野詣では富田川対岸の稲葉根王子で馬を捨て、最初に川を渡るのが一ノ瀬であったといわれています。水垢離場として重んじられ、熊野に入るためのみそぎの場所でした。富田川が狭まるところにあり、川から山を少し上った小高い位置にあります。
It is said that in the former Kumano region, Prince Inabane on the opposite bank of the Tonda River abandoned his horse and was the first to cross the river. It was valued as a place to get rid of water stains, and it was a place for shaving to enter Kumano. It is located in a narrow area of the Tonda River, and is located a little higher than the river.
google翻訳
上富田町の富田川はあまり蛇行せず活断層帯の低地を流れます。右岸にある下鮎川には、小規模ながら典型的な河岸段丘が見られます。この河岸段丘は3段あり、もっとも広く発達する標高約65ｍにある2段目の段丘面には、耕地として利用され「平」や「畑」の字をもつ地名が多いです。
The Tonda River in Kamitonda Town does not meander very much and flows through the lowlands of the active fault zone. The Shimoayukawa on the right bank has a small but typical river terrace. This river terrace has three steps, and on the second terrace surface, which is the most widely developed terrace at an altitude of about 65 m, there are many place names that are used as cultivated land and have the characters "hira" and "field".
google翻訳
前弧海盆に堆積した田辺層群の上部層が広大な波食棚に露出し志原の千畳敷として有名です。砂岩と泥岩の折り重なった砂岩泥岩互層が分布し海食崖・海食洞・波食棚などの海岸地形が発達します。地層には生痕化石が多く見られます。海岸南側の村島磯は田辺層群の下部層の傾斜した地層が観察できます。
Mudstone in the lower layer invades the upper layer of the Tanabe Group deposited in the forearc basin to form a mud diapir. The columnar intrusive rock that was once liquefied deep underground due to an earthquake and cut into the upper stratum is called mud diapir. When it erupts on the seabed or the surface of the earth, it becomes a mud volcano. This world's mud volcano is known for Kumano Nada (seabed) and Niikappu, Hokkaido (land).
google翻訳